When talking of artificial intelligence(AI) many people think that neural nets should be as intelligent as human brain. Some people don’t even imagine how widely they are used in their life. Lets narrow us to something more simple and understandable.
The most exiting usage of AI is robotics. Today isn’t very hard to build simple robot [...]

Multimedia cards are popular around us. There are well known Compact Flash, CD, MMC Memory Stick. Usually when you make new design with external memory you usually are considering EEPROM or Flash ICs with some capacities with up to few Mb. But why limit yourself, because in some cases it is smarter to add multimedia [...]

RS-485 is updated version of RS-422 interface. It is designed to communicate between multiple devices connected to single data line. Standard allow connecting 32 transceivers to data line. This is achieved by using tri-stable drivers that are separate programmable. This allows only one device work at a given time.

Resistors used in circuit are so called [...]

RS-422 is a standard for serial data transfer similar to RS-232, but it uses difference between two lines (RS-232 uses reference to ground). RS-422 uses twisted pair (difference pair) to represent logic level. Such data transmission type is so called balanced transmission as it is not referenced to ground. This is noise proof solution because [...]

Normally any embedded system has a relations with real word. Simplest and most common way is using buttons.

This is how application interact with human. But real world like a human is not perfect. Practically mechanical contacts bounce (turns on and off repeatedly for a short period). And you cannot do anything about it. And for [...]

One of important questions you ask when considering microcontroller project is wat oscillator frequency to choose. Usually it depend desired level of performance. In general application speed is directly determined by oscillator frequency. If you double the oscillator frequency, the application will rin in double speed.
But wee do not compare different processors by frequency, but [...]

Neural networks are wide topic. But this small example demonstrates how to create basic neural sensor which takes resistive readings from multiply sensors and multiply it by wight factor and then sum the results. Results are compared to three level threshold. Without going too deep in to neural networks we can say, that neural cell [...]

If you are working with embedded projects usually you have concerned about how directly control computer ports like LPT or COM. Basically no one wants to mess up with driver writing or reading tons of documentations in order to send some bytes via IO port to your target board.

Earlier when DOS, win95 and win98 [...]

Usually when you write C programs for microcontrollers you use functions that can be called any time in main program or in another function. Compiler compiles these functions as subroutines. These functions can be called from main function or from other functions – this is called nesting (nested subroutines).

If you see the listings of compiled [...]

For those who don’t like to mess up with PCB making and prototyping but want to learn to program multiple types of microcontrollers there is a solution. Team in India developed easy to use kit for learning microcontrollers.

Kit includes:

Ease and simple to use E- tutorial and printed version book;

Tutorial screen-shot

Programmer that supports all kit microcontrllers: [...]