Usually when designing embedded project we typically focus on actual application, but do not pay enough attention to hardware and software debug process. Adding debugging capability to project require some strategy. Simple situation: hardware may not be installed but connected to other circuit when needed. So software must support the functionality regardless of weather or [...]

Without getting to deep int discussions why there are several firmware formats and extensions used. But fact is that you can face firmware files with extensions like BIN, HEX ir E2P. Lets see how these files look like and how to convert between them.
First of all it is important to mention that all firmware files [...]

Every sensor that measure real world things have real tolerances. There is no absolut accurate sensors as there are many factors that influence tolerances and reliability. If you ever tried to measure simple resistor resistance you noticed that 1kΩ resistor actually is between 990Ω to 1,1kΩ. This means that tolerance of resistor is 1%. if [...]

We always want to compare different types of MCU. If we look at PC processor industry it is becoming almost impossible tas objectively to compare two different processors as they are different in design and even have different number of cores.
But lets go through few characteristics that are used for comparing different embedded [...]

Fault tolerance is one of major requirements for Embedded systems. As the embedded systems become more complex, there is more chances for various failures. Somehow when designing Embedded system developer has to deal with these faults. Before dealing with faults designer has to identify and understand the types and nature of faults.
Faults can be hardware [...]

Would you consider connecting an IC with dual-speed oscillator and a power-on reset to you MCU. This is what MAX7378 does. This is a good replacement for ceramic resonators, crystals and other oscillator modules and discrete reset circuits as well. Good thing here is that at any time you can select either low frequency 32.768kHz [...]

IR remote control is a device you can find everywhere where you can find TV, VCR or home theatre. Why not to use one of them for controlling your own devices like light, air conditioning etc.
As we know remote control devices uses IR light. This is invisible light about 950nm wavelength. One biggest problem in [...]

Sometimes there is really a problem of how to generate true random numbers using your microcontroller. Usually computer processor or any other MCU is capable to generate a Pseudo Random Number (PRN). These numbers are generated by algorithms so called Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNG). Everything what pure algorithm produces is predictable in some sort [...]

When talking of artificial intelligence(AI) many people think that neural nets should be as intelligent as human brain. Some people don’t even imagine how widely they are used in their life. Lets narrow us to something more simple and understandable.
The most exiting usage of AI is robotics. Today isn’t very hard to build simple robot [...]

Multimedia cards are popular around us. There are well known Compact Flash, CD, MMC Memory Stick. Usually when you make new design with external memory you usually are considering EEPROM or Flash ICs with some capacities with up to few Mb. But why limit yourself, because in some cases it is smarter to add multimedia [...]