1-Wire communication protocol was developed by Dallas Semiconductor owned by Maxim. This protocol allows communication of multiple chips to one host with minimal pin count. The protocol is called 1-Wire because it uses 1 wire to transfer data. 1-Wire architecture uses pull up resistor to pull voltage of data line at master side.
1-Wire protocol uses [...]

USBASP is well known USB programmer for Atmel AVR microcontrollers originally supported by Thomas Fischl. USB ASP is made of an Atmega8 and few components. The programmer uses a firmware driver that makes this programmer attractive to many amateurs.
Another thin why this programmer is so popular – because it is officially included and supported [...]

Originally by Anisimov Ivan
In many cases can be very handy to be able to convert 1.5V to 5V. Then you can power microcontroller or LED from a single AA or AAA battery. It is simple to do this as there are special IC’s as MAXIM MAX1674 or MAX7176. This is step-up DC-DC converter that can [...]

Ultrasounds transducers for measuring distances are commonly used in robotics, automotive parking sonars. Ultrasound distance measuring is non -contact measuring method – radiation and reception of ultrasound waves. Ultrasound waves are mechanical acoustic waves with frequencies more than 20kHz. Normally human cannot hear frequencies above 20kHz while some animals can. For instance bats use [...]

Today most of all embedded systems consist of two part circuitry – digital and analog. Digital part is usually controller, its timing circuit and other input output devices. Frequently there is an analog part on same board like ADC, OP amplifiers, sensors and other analog circuitry. Such designs are called mixed-signal designs. Where digital and [...]

TDA7313 and TDA7315 are digital controlled audio processors that can be used in applications where digital control of audio is needed. TDA7313 and TDA7315 are are pretty same just TDA7313 is more complex by hawing 3 stereo input channels and two outputs (front and rare). Both chips have volume control (step=1.25dB), tone (bass and treble) [...]

Electrical heating elements are often used for teapots, irons, electric ovens, soldering irons etc. When projecting designs with electric heating elements you need to do some calculations that may seem difficult at first glance. But when looking more deeply this becomes simple task.
We know that electric heating is a result of current flow in wire [...]

When selecting wire diameter we usually lok for cross reference tables where you can find recommended wire diameter for maximum current drive. But sometimes may be more useful to calculate by formula than look in to the tables. This way you can have more accurate results. There is nothing new just simple physics.
Wire resistance (Ω)is [...]